许烺光（Francis L. K. Hsu, 1909-1999），行为科学家，心理人类学创始人。[1]1909年10月28日生于辽宁庄河。1923年入南开中学，1933年上海沪江大学社会系毕业，同年入辅仁大学研究所，后辍学在北京协和医院从事社会工作。1937年考取中英庚子赔款奬学金，赴英国伦敦经济学院（London School of Economics）就读人类学，师从马林诺夫斯基（Bronislaw Malinowski）。1941年取得博士学位，受费孝通邀请返国任教。1943年林顿（Ralph Linton）邀请赴美访问，前后担任哥伦比亚大学讲师（1944-1945）、康乃尔大学代理助理教授（1945-1947）。1947年受聘为西北大学正式助理教授，十年后升为教授，并且担任人类学系主任二十年（1957-1976）。1978年西北大学退休，随即被旧金山大学聘为文化研究中心主任，并且担任夏威夷大学东西方研究中心（East-West Center）资深研究员。1982年再度退休，不过仍坚持从事讲演以及学术工作。1986年心肌梗塞，还持续论文写作，后又两次中风，不得不停止学术研究。

著作及译著

1934年左右翻译《天文浅说》(Astronomy in a Nutshell)与《地震学》 (The Study of Earthquakes)。前者由上海商务出版, 后者译稿毁于战火中。

1943《云南西部的魔法舆科学》Magic and Science in Western Yunnan. New York: Institute of Pacific Relations (55 pages).

1948《祖荫下：中国文化与人格》Under the Ancestors’Shadow：Chinese Culture and Personality. New York: Columbia University Press (300 pages).

1952《宗教、科学及人类危机：研究转变中的中国对西方世界的影响》Religion, Science and Human Crises: A study of China in Transition and Its Implication for the west. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. New York: Grove Press (142 pages)

1953《中国人与美国人：两种生活方式》Americans and Chinese: Two Ways Of Life. New York: Abelard-Schuman, Inc. (457 pages).

1963《宗族、种姓与社团：中国、印度及美国三种生活方式之比较》Clan, Caste and Club：A Comparative Study of Chinese, Hindu and American Ways of Life. Princeton：Van Nostrand and Co. (335 pages).

1967《祖荫下》Under the Ancestors’ Shadow, with a new Chapter,“Kinship, Personality and Social Mobility in China.”New York: Doubleday Anchor Books (370 pages).

1969《文化人类学新论》The Study of Literate Civilizations. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston (123 pages).

1970 《中国人舆美国人：伟大文明社会中的目标与实现》Americans and Chinese：Purpose and Fulfillment in Great Civilizations. Updated and enlarged 2nd edition of Americans and Chinese：Two Ways of Life, 1953.New York: Natural History Press (493 pages).

1971《祖荫下》Under the Ancestors’Shadow. (Reprint of 1967 version.) Stanford：Stanford University Press (370 pages).

1971《美国萝的挑战：在美国的华人》The Challenge of the American Dream：The Chinese in the United States. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Co. (160 pages).

1974《中国日志》China Day by Day, with Eileen Hsu-Balzer (许仪南)and Richard Balzer. New Haven: Yale University Press (111 pages).

1974《日本经济奇迹》Japan: Economic Miracle five sound filmstrips with cassettes. Series No.6907K, Encyclopedia Britannica Educational Corporation, Chicago.

1974《日本：家元精神》Japan: Spirit of Iemoto, five sound filmstrips with cassettes. Series No.6908K, Encyclopedia Britannica Educational Corporation, Chicago.

1975《家元：日本的真髓》Iemoto: The Heart of Japan. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Schenkman

1981《中国人与美国人：通往不同的途径》Americans and Chinese: Passage to Differences. An updated and enlarged third edition. Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii (534 pages).

1983《彻底个人主义的省思：心理人类学论文集》Rugged Individualism Reconsidered：Essays in Psychological Anthropology. (a collection of some essays from 1948 to 1979) .Knoxville：The University of Tennessee Press (467 pages).

1984《驱逐捣蛋者：魔法、科学舆文化》Exorcising the Trouble Maker：Magic, Science and Culture. Greatly revised and enlarged new edition of Religion, Science and Human Crises (1952, 1971), incorporating new field data from the New Territories of Hong Kong. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press (164 pages).

1999《边缘人：许烺光回忆录》My life as a Marginal Man : Autobiographical Discussions with Francis L.K. Hsu, with George L. T. Hsu and Francis Hsu’s Family. Taipei: SMC Pub. (248 pages).

编著及合编

1943《中国西南新工业中的劳工与劳工关系》Labor and Labor Relations in the New Industries of Southwest China, editor. New York: Institute of Pacific Relations (45 pages).

1945《昆厂劳工》China Enters the Machine Age, by Kuo-heng Shih(史国衡).Co-editor with Hsiao-tung Fei(费孝通).Cambridge, Massachusetts：Harvard University Press(206 pages).

1954《文化与人格》Aspects of Culture and Personality, editor. A symposium with the collaboration of twenty-seven scholars in the fields of anthropology, sociology, psychology, psychoanalysis and psychiatry. New York: Abelard-Schuman, Inc. (305pages)

1961《心理人类学：研究文化与人格的取向》Psychological Anthropology：Approaches to Culture and Personality, editor and contributor. Homwood, Illinois: Dorsey Press (507 pages).

1971《亲属与文化》Kinship and Culture, editor and contributor. Results of a symposium on Hsu’s Dominant Dyad Hypothesis. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Co. (510 pages).

1979《移山：中国文化变迁》Moving a Mountain：Culture Change in China, contributor and editor, with Godwin C. Chu(朱谦) Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press (446 pages).

1983 <中国新社会结构>China’s New Social Fabric. Co-editor with Godwin C.Chu(朱谦).London: Routledge and Kegan Paul (293 pages).

1985《文化与自我：亚洲人与西方人的看法>Culture and Self: Asian and Western Perspectives. Co-editor and contributor, with Anthony Marsella and George DeVos.London and New York: Tavistock Publications (321 pages).

1985《海外华人对家庭、亲属及种族之认同》Family, Kinship and Ethnic Identity Among the Overseas Chinese. Co-editor with Hendrick Serrie. Special Issue of Journal of Comparative Family Studies, Vol.XVI, No.2, Summer (292 pages).

期刊论文

1940<中国新社会精神>“China’s New Social Spirit, ”in ASIA, September,1942, pp.506-509.

1940<华北农村乱偷禁忌之同题>“The Problem of Incest Taboo in a North China Village,”American Anthropologist, January, pp.122-135.

1940<有关中国古代亲属关系与婚姻关系的同题>“Concerning the Question of Matrimonial Categories and Kinship Relationships in Ancient China.”T’ien Hsia Monthly(天下月刊), Vol.XI, Nos.3 and 4, pp.1-37.

1942<亲属称谓的不同功能>“The Differential Functions of Relationship Terms,”American Anthropologist, Vol.44, No.2, pp.248-256.

1942<社会学中所谓[典型]的意义>“The Meaning of ‘Typical’ in Sociology,”in Tenth Anniversary volume of Sino-British Foundation, Chungking.

1943<中国家庭人数的神话>“The Myth of Chinese Family Size, ”American Journal of Sociology, March, pp.555-562.

1943<原始社区的工作动机>“Incentives to Work in Primitive Communities, ”American Sociological Review, December, pp.638-642.

l944<今日中国法律执行的若干问题>“Some Problems of Chinese Law in Operation Today,”Far Eastern Quarterly, May, pp.211-221.

1945<中国表兄妹婚姻的观察报告>“Observations on Cross-Cousin Marriage in China,”American Anthropologist, January, pp.81-103.

1945<现代中国的教育问题>“The Problem of Education in Contemporary China,“Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, Series II, Vol.8, No.2, December, pp.82-90.

1945 <西城屠户的亲属与公会组织>“Guild and Kinship Among Butchers in West Town,”(with J.H.Hu), American Sociological Review, June, pp.357-364.

1945<南洋侨民对中国特定省份的影响>“Influence of South Seas Emigration on Certain Chinese Provinces,”Far Eastern Quarterly November. pp.47-59.

November, pp.50-64.

1946<仔细检视中国问题>“A Closer View of China’s Problems, ”Far Eastern Quarterly, November, pp.50-64.

1947<研究关系名称的技巧>“On a Technique for Studying Relationship Terms,”American Anthropologist, Vol.49, No.4, pp.618-624.

1949<抑制与压抑：对四种文化的心理学阐释>“Suppression Versus Repression：A Limited Psychological Interpretation of four Cultures,”Psychiatry, Vol.XII, pp.223-242.

1949<罗夏克测验显示中国人的性格特征>“Some Aspects of Personality of Chinese as Revealed by the Rorschach Test,”(with Theodora M. Abel), Rorschach Research Exchange and the Journal of Projective Techniques, Vol.XIII, pp.285-301.

1949<中国社会流动>“Social Mobility in China,”American Sociological Review, Vol.XIV, pp.764-771.

195l<夏威夷华人：他们在美国文化中的角色>“The Chinese in Hawaii：Their Role in American Culture, ”Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, Series II, Vol.13, No.6, April, pp.243-250.

195l <性犯罪与人格>“Sex Crime and Personality, ”The American Scholar Winter, pp.57-66

1952<人类学或精神病学>“Anthropology or Psychiatry,”Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, Vol.8, pp.227-250.

1953<中国>“China”in International Directory of Anthropological Institutions, published by Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, Inc., New York, pp.55-57.

1954<文化因素>“Cultural Factors,”in Harold Williamson and John Buttrick, editors, Economic Development: Principles and Patterns. New York: Prentice-Hall.pp.318-364.

1955<一位人类学家对于人格研究未来的看法>“An Anthropologist’s View Of the Future of Personality Studies,”Psychiatric Research Reports. No.2, American Psychiatric Association, December, pp.155-168.

1958<禁忌>“Taboo, ”in What’s New, Summer No.206, pp.12-15.

1959<结构、功能、内容与过程>“Structure, Function, Content and Process, ”American Anthropologist, Vol.61, pp.790-850.

1960<巫术研究中被忽略部分>“A Neglected Aspect of Witchcraft Studies, ”Journal of American Folklore, Vol.73, No.287, pp.35-38.

1960<彻底个人主义之省思>“Rugged Individualism Reconsidered.”The Colorado Quarterly, Vol.IX, pp.143-162.

1960<东西文化差异及其对今日世界的意义>“Cultural Differences between East and West and Their Significance for the World Today.”Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies(清华学报), New Series, II, No.1, pp.216-237.

1960<精神病院引进变革>“Introducing Change in a Mental Hospital, ”with Paul C. Agnew, Human Organization, Winter, Vol.19, No.4, pp.195-198.

1961<人类社会精神病学>“Anthropo-Socio-Psychiatrics, ”Contemporary psychology, Vol.VI, pp.7-8.

1961<文化模式与青少年行为>“Culture Pattern and Adolescent Behavior, ”with Blanche Watrous and Edith Lord, International Journal of Social Psychiatry, Vol.7, pp.33-53.

1964<[原始]观念的再思>“Rethinking the Concept ‘Primitive’,”Current Anthropology, Vol.5, No.3, pp.169-178.

1965<优势亲属关系对亲属与非亲属行为的影响：一个假设>“The Effect Of Dominant Kinship Relationships on Kin and Non.kin Behavior：A Hypothesis, ”American Anthropologist, Vol.67, pp.638-61.

1966<优势亲属关系与优势概念>“Dominant Kin Relationships and Dominant Ideas, ”Brief Communication, American Anthropologist,Vol.68, pp.997-1104.

19664<美国与中国：互相隔绝的心理社会因素>“The U.S. and China：Psycho-cultural Factors for Mutual Isolation, ”Northwestern Review, Vol.2, pp.2-110.

1967<基督教与人类学家>“Christianity and the Anthropologist, ”International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Vol. VIII, pp.1-19.

1969<祖先崇拜信念及其与亲属关系之变异>“Variations in Ancestor Worship Beliefs and Their Relation to Kinship,”with Terrence Tatje, Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, Vol.25, pp.153-l 72.

1971<心理和谐与人：进一步研究心理人类学的概念工具>“Psychological Homeostasis and Jen：Conceptual Tools for Advancing Psychological Anthropology,”American Anthropologist.Vol.73, No.1, pp.23-44.

1972<中日两国的孝道：两者之异同与意议>“Filial Piety in Japan and China：Borrowing, Variation, and Significance, ”Journal of Comparative Family Studies(University of Calgary, Canada), Vol. II, No.1, Spring, pp.67-74.

1973<美国人类学研究中的偏见及其影响>“Prejudice and Its Intellectual Effect on American Anthropology：An Ethnographic Report, ”American Anthropologist, Vol.75, No.1, February, pp.1-19.

1973<亲属是锁钥>“Kinship Is the Key, ”The Center Magazine, Vol.VI, No.6.November-December, pp.4-l 4.

1974<文化间的了解：真与伪>“Inter-Cultural Understanding：Genuine and spurious, ”Speech delivered at Cubberly Conference, School of Education, Stanford University, June 28, 1973, and published as Occasional Paper Number Five. Evanston, Illinois: The Center for the Teaching Professions, Northwestern University.

1974<亲属、社会心理和谐及学习>“Kinship, Psychosocial Homeostasis (PSH)and Learning, ”in Cultural Factors in Learning, and Education, Fifth Symposium on Learning, Western Washington State College,Bellingham,Washington,pp,163-176

Publishing Co. (260Pages).

1975<美国生活的人类学研究需要跨文化的观点>“The Anthropology of American Life is in Need of the Cross-Cultural Perspective, ” with Eileen Hsu-Balzer(许仪南), in Reviews in Anthropology.Vol.2, No.1,February,pp.13-24.

1976<大学教授在中国与美国文化中的意义> “The Meaning of the University Teacher in Chinese and American Cultures, ”(中文), in World Today(今日世界).Hong Kong, pp.20-21.

1977<文化间的了解：真与伪>“Intercultural Understanding：Genuine and Spurious, ”reprint of l974 article, in Anthropology and Education Quarterly), November, Vol. VIII, No.4, pp.202-209.

1977<个人实现、社会安定与文化进步>“Individual Fulfillment, Social Stability and Cultural Progress, ”in We, The People：American Character and Social Change, edited by Gordon J. Dordon. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, Chapter 5, pp.95-114.

1977<角色、感情及人类学>“Role, Affect, and Anthropology, ”in American Anthropologist(Guest Editorial), Vol.79, No.4, December pp.805-808.

1978<人文学讲授艺术>“The Art of Teaching the Human Science,”in Change, Report on Teaching, No.5, Vol.10, No.11, January, pp.6-7.

1979<文化人类学家的文化问题>“The Cultural Problem of the Cultural Anthropologist, ”in American Anthropologist, Vol.8 l, No.3, September, pp.517-532.

1979<中国扩张主义的神话>“The Myth of Chinese Expansionism, ”Journal of Asian and African Studies, Vol. XIII, Nos.2-4, pp.184-195.

1980<米德与心理人类学>“Margaret Mead and Psychological Anthropology, ”American Anthropologist (In Memoriam, Margaret Mead 1901- 1978), Vol.82, No.2, pp.349-353.

1981<价值及其社会母体>“Values and Their Social Matrix”, Japanese Economics News, January 3, l9811981<中国：过去与现在>“China：Past and Present, ”The Creative World (a journal), Kyoto, No.37, January, pp.6-19. (a special lecture sponsored by the Journal in October, 1980.) (In Japanese).

1982<比较方法之重要及缺失>“The Comparative Method：Its Importance and Pitfalls, ”in Newsletter of Chinese Ethnology (中国民族学通讯) Taipei, Taiwan, No.1 8, December 25.1982.

1989<机会、偏见与文化差异>“Opportunity, Prejudice and Cultural Differences,” in Journal of Overseas Chinese Studies (海外华人研究), Taipei, Taiwan, pp.1-33.